In the remote reaches of Tibet rises a peak unlike any other—Mount Kailash. At 6,638 meters, it is not the tallest mountain of the Himalayas, yet it is the most revered. For millennia, pilgrims have looked upon Kailash as the spiritual center of the cosmos, the axis mundi where heaven and earth meet. To see it is considered a blessing; to circumambulate it is said to erase lifetimes of karma. For Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Bön followers alike, Mount Kailash is not merely a mountain but the living axis of the universe.
Mythology and Cosmic Symbolism
In Sanātana Dharma, Kailash is described as the abode of Lord Shiva, who resides there with Goddess Parvati, immersed in eternal meditation. From here, Shiva oversees the dance of creation, preservation, and dissolution. The mountain’s four sheer faces are said to align with the cardinal directions, symbolizing stability of the cosmos.
Legends say that from Kailash flow the four great rivers of Asia—the Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, and Karnali—nourishing the subcontinent. Thus, the mountain is both physically and symbolically the source of life. Ancient texts call it Meru or the “navel of the world,” around which the entire universe revolves.
Sacred Across Faiths
Mount Kailash holds a unique place in multiple traditions:
- Hinduism: The throne of Shiva, the site of divine union and cosmic dance. Pilgrims see it as the ultimate destination for moksha.
- Buddhism: Known as Mount Meru, it is revered as the center of the universe. Tibetan Buddhists associate it with the tantric deity Demchok, symbolizing supreme bliss.
- Jainism: The site where the first Tirthankara, Rishabhanatha, attained liberation. For Jains, Kailash is Ashtapada, the eternal seat of moksha.
- Bön (Tibetan tradition): Kailash is believed to be the seat of the sky god Sipaimen, symbolizing universal power.
The convergence of these faiths at Kailash demonstrates its universal sanctity, transcending boundaries of sect or creed.
The Pilgrimage of Circumambulation
The central practice associated with Kailash is the parikrama (circumambulation). Pilgrims undertake a 52-kilometer trek around the mountain, known in Tibet as the Kora.
- Route: The circuit passes through high-altitude deserts, valleys, and the daunting Dolma La pass at 5,630 meters.
- Duration: It typically takes 3 days on foot, though some complete it in a single day of intense devotion.
- Discipline: Devotees walk clockwise (except Tibetan Buddhists and Bön practitioners, who walk counter-clockwise), chanting mantras and prayers.
- Symbolism: Circumambulating Kailash is compared to circling the universe itself, aligning one’s life with cosmic order.
It is believed that completing one parikrama erases sins of a lifetime, while 108 parikramas guarantee liberation. Some pilgrims prostrate their bodies along the entire route—an act of supreme devotion and surrender.
Lake Manasarovar and Rakshastal
Near Kailash lie two lakes, forming a powerful symbolic pair.
- Lake Manasarovar: Considered the highest freshwater lake in the world, it is associated with purity and creation. Scriptures say Brahma first conceived it in his mind before manifesting it on earth. Bathing in its waters or even touching them is said to purify the soul and awaken higher consciousness.
- Rakshastal: Just across the ridge, this saline lake is linked with Ravana and represents ego, power, and imbalance. The stark contrast of the two lakes reflects the duality of life—purity and corruption, liberation and bondage.
Together, Kailash and these lakes represent the entire spiritual spectrum of existence.
Challenges of the Pilgrimage
Undertaking the Kailash Yatra is not easy. Pilgrims face extreme altitudes, thin air, freezing temperatures, and unpredictable weather. The journey requires physical stamina, mental resilience, and above all, unwavering faith.
Traditionally, Indian pilgrims traveled through the Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand or the Nathu La Pass in Sikkim, though modern arrangements include limited official tours via Nepal or Tibet. Despite hardships, devotees describe the journey as transformative—each step on the barren plateau feels like a step closer to eternity.
Stories and Legends
Countless legends enrich Kailash’s aura:
- It is said that Ravana once attempted to carry Mount Kailash to Lanka, but Shiva pressed it down with his toe, pinning Ravana beneath until he repented with hymns.
- Parvati is believed to have performed penance at Kailash to win Shiva’s hand in marriage.
- Tibetan lore describes the mountain as a mandala of tantric deities, a living diagram of the cosmos.
These stories are not mere myths but vehicles of meaning, teaching humility, devotion, and the path to liberation.
The Axis of the Universe
Why is Kailash called the axis of the universe? From both mythological and symbolic perspectives, it represents the center of existence:
- Its peak, unclimbed and untouched, points to transcendence beyond human reach.
- Its four faces align with cosmic directions, anchoring universal order.
- Its base nourishes life through great rivers.
- Its silence radiates a presence felt by seekers from all traditions.
Standing before Kailash, one feels the smallness of human existence and the vastness of the cosmos. It is less a mountain to be conquered than a presence to be surrendered to.
Spiritual Relevance Today
In a modern world filled with noise and distraction, Kailash continues to inspire seekers from across the globe. For some, it is a physical pilgrimage; for others, it is an inner journey of meditation and self-inquiry. Spiritual teachers remind us that while the outer parikrama is powerful, the true pilgrimage is inner—circling around the Self, the eternal center of consciousness.
Conclusion
Mount Kailash is more than stone and snow—it is the living symbol of the infinite. For Hindus, it is Shiva’s abode; for Buddhists, it is Mount Meru; for Jains, it is the seat of liberation; for Bön followers, it is the throne of the cosmos. To walk around it is to circle the universe; to gaze upon it is to see eternity.
The ancients called it the axis of the universe because it anchors both geography and spirit. In its silence, it teaches humility; in its fire of myths, it burns ignorance. Mount Kailash stands eternal—a mountain no one climbs, but everyone bows to. It is not a peak to be conquered, but a path to be realized, reminding us that the true axis of the universe is not outside but within.
