Glossary & Concepts

Glossary & Concepts – Understanding the Language of Dharma

Glossary & Concepts provides clear explanations of key Bharathiya terms, ideas, and philosophical concepts essential to understanding Sanātana Dharma and Indian thought. Many traditional words carry layered meanings that are often lost in translation or modern usage. This section preserves their original intent and context, helping readers grasp foundational ideas with accuracy and clarity. By grounding learning in precise definitions, Bharathiyam enables deeper study, correct interpretation, and meaningful engagement with scriptures, traditions, and teachings.


What is Dharma? A Word with a Thousand Meanings

Few words in Sanātana DharmaTransliteration: सनातन धर्म / Sanātana Dharma Meaning / Explanation: Sanātana Dharma means the eternal way of righteous living. It is the timeless cosmic law that governs the universe, life, and consciousness. It is not a religion…

Understanding Tithi, Nakshatra, and Yoga in the Panchanga

Time in Sanātana DharmaTransliteration: सनातन धर्म / Sanātana Dharma Meaning / Explanation: Sanātana Dharma means the eternal way of righteous living. It is the timeless cosmic law that governs the universe, life, and consciousness. It is not a religion founded…

The Five Koshas: Layers of Human Existence

Sanātana DharmaTransliteration: सनातन धर्म / Sanātana Dharma Meaning / Explanation: Sanātana Dharma means the eternal way of righteous living. It is the timeless cosmic law that governs the universe, life, and consciousness. It is not a religion founded by a…

Glossary

Vairāgya

Transliteration: VairāgyaTransliteration: Vairāgya / वैराग्यMeaning / Explanation: Detachment arising from understanding, not rejection.Origin: SanskritNote: Vairāgya is maturity, not renunciation alone. More / वैराग्यMeaning / Explanation: Detachment arising from understanding, not rejection.Origin: SanskritNote: VairāgyaTransliteration: Vairāgya / वैराग्यMeaning / Explanation: Detachment arising…

Viveka

Transliteration: VivekaTransliteration: Viveka / विवेकMeaning / Explanation: Discriminative wisdom — ability to distinguish the real from the unreal.Origin: SanskritNote: Viveka is the beginning of liberation. More / विवेकMeaning / Explanation: Discriminative wisdom — ability to distinguish the real from the…

Jñāna

Transliteration: JñānaTransliteration: Jñāna / ज्ञानMeaning / Explanation: Experiential wisdom; knowledge born of realization.Origin: SanskritNote: Jñāna dissolves ignorance directly. More / ज्ञानMeaning / Explanation: Experiential wisdom; knowledge born of realization.Origin: SanskritNote: JñānaTransliteration: Jñāna / ज्ञानMeaning / Explanation: Experiential wisdom; knowledge born…

Bhakti

Transliteration: BhaktiTransliteration: Bhakti / भक्तिMeaning / Explanation: Devotion; loving surrender to the divine with awareness.Origin: SanskritNote: Bhakti is relationship, not dependence. More / भक्तिMeaning / Explanation: Devotion; loving surrender to the divine with awareness.Origin: SanskritNote: BhaktiTransliteration: Bhakti / भक्तिMeaning /…

Śraddhā

Transliteration: ŚraddhāTransliteration: Śraddhā / श्रद्धाMeaning / Explanation: Deep inner trust rooted in understanding, not blind belief.Origin: SanskritNote: Śraddhā sustains one through uncertainty. More / श्रद्धाMeaning / Explanation: Deep inner trust rooted in understanding, not blind belief.Origin: SanskritNote: ŚraddhāTransliteration: Śraddhā /…

Tapas

Transliteration: TapasTransliteration: Tapas / तपस्Meaning / Explanation: Inner heat generated through discipline, austerity, and focused effort.Origin: SanskritNote: Tapas refines karma and accelerates spiritual maturity. More / तपस्Meaning / Explanation: Inner heat generated through discipline, austerity, and focused effort.Origin: SanskritNote: TapasTransliteration:…

Yoga

Transliteration: YogaTransliteration: Yoga / योगMeaning / Explanation: Union, alignment, integration of body, mind, and consciousness.Origin: Sanskrit (from yuj — “to unite”)Note: Yoga is a state, not merely a practice. More / योगMeaning / Explanation: Union, alignment, integration of body, mind,…

Avidyā

Transliteration: AvidyāTransliteration: AvidyāMeaning / Explanation: Ignorance of one’s true nature; root cause of bondage.Origin: SanskritNote: Not lack of information, but lack of realization. MoreMeaning / Explanation: Ignorance of one’s true nature; root cause of bondage.Origin: SanskritNote: Not lack of information,…

Vidya

Transliteration: VidyāMeaning / Explanation: True knowledge that leads to clarity and liberation.Origin: SanskritNote: Opposite of AvidyāTransliteration: AvidyāMeaning / Explanation: Ignorance of one’s true nature; root cause of bondage.Origin: SanskritNote: Not lack of information, but lack of realization. More (ignorance).

Māyā

Transliteration: माया / MāyāTransliteration: माया / MāyāMeaning / Explanation: The power of appearance and illusion that makes the impermanent seem permanent and the unreal seem real.Origin: SanskritNote: Māyā is not falsehood — it is misperception. MoreMeaning / Explanation: The power…

Brahman

Transliteration: ब्रह्मन् / BrahmanTransliteration: ब्रह्मन् / BrahmanMeaning / Explanation: Absolute reality; infinite, formless, unchanging consciousness from which all existence arises.Origin: SanskritNote: “Ātman = Brahman” is the core Upanishadic realization. MoreMeaning / Explanation: Absolute reality; infinite, formless, unchanging consciousness from which…

Ātman

Transliteration: आत्मन् / ĀtmanTransliteration: आत्मन् / ĀtmanMeaning / Explanation: The inner Self; pure consciousness; the eternal witness within.Origin: SanskritNote: Ātman is not personality or ego — it is existence-awareness itself. MoreMeaning / Explanation: The inner Self; pure consciousness; the eternal…

Mokṣa

Transliteration: मोक्ष / MokṣaTransliteration: मोक्ष / MokṣaMeaning / Explanation: Liberation from Saṃsāra; realization of one’s true nature beyond body and mind.Origin: SanskritNote: Mokṣa is freedom through knowledge, not reward. MoreMeaning / Explanation: Liberation from SaṃsāraTransliteration: संसार / SaṃsāraMeaning / Explanation:…

Saṃsāra

Transliteration: संसार / SaṃsāraTransliteration: संसार / SaṃsāraMeaning / Explanation: The continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth driven by karma and ignorance.Origin: SanskritNote: Liberation is freedom from Saṃsāra, not escape from life. MoreMeaning / Explanation: The continuous cycle of birth,…

Karma

Transliteration: KarmaTransliteration: KarmaMeaning / Explanation: Action and its inevitable consequence. Not fate, but the law of cause and effect across lifetimes.Origin: Sanskrit (from kṛ — “to act”)Note: Karma includes intention, not just action. MoreMeaning / Explanation: Action and its inevitable…

Ṛta

Transliteration: ऋत / ṚtaTransliteration: ऋत / ṚtaMeaning / Explanation: Cosmic order, natural rhythm, universal truth governing the universe. Precursor to the concept of Dharma.Origin: Vedic SanskritNote: Ṛta governs planets, seasons, karma, and moral order alike. MoreMeaning / Explanation: Cosmic order,…

Sanātana Dharma

Transliteration: सनातन धर्म / Sanātana DharmaTransliteration: सनातन धर्म / Sanātana Dharma Meaning / Explanation: Sanātana Dharma means the eternal way of righteous living. It is the timeless cosmic law that governs the universe, life, and consciousness. It is not a…

Sanātana

Transliteration: सनातन / SanātanaTransliteration: सनातन / SanātanaMeaning / Explanation: Eternal, timeless, beginningless, unending. That which exists beyond time, decay, and change. It does not mean “old,” but “ever-valid.”Origin: SanskritNote: Used in Sanātana Dharma to indicate universal and eternal law, not…

Dharma

Transliteration: धर्म / DharmaTransliteration: धर्म / DharmaMeaning / Explanation: That which upholds, sustains, and maintains cosmic and social order. Includes duty, righteousness, natural law, and inner truth.Origin: Sanskrit (from root dhṛ — “to hold, support”)Note: Dharma is contextual — it…